pRRAPID

 

pRRAPID TOOLKIT:

History taking

DEVELOPMENT

An understanding of development milestones is important when assessing children. In small children and/or infants this can be especially important. If a 2 month old infant presents in shock following an injury having "rolled off the bed", it is important to know that children rarely roll before 6 months and therefore this mechanism of injury should be questioned.

 

Table: Developmental milestones

Age (months)

Gross motor

Fine motor & vision

Language & hearing

Social

3

Raises head to 90o when prone, head control when supine Fixes and follows through 180o Turns head to sound,  coos Smiles socially

6

Sits unsupported, rolls front to back Voluntary grasp of objects, transfers objects between hands Babbles Holds bottle when feeding

9

Crawls, pulls to stand Immature pincer grasp, throws objects Says mama, dada indiscriminately Finger feeds, waves bye-bye

12

Cruises between objects, walks Mature pincer grip, bangs objects together Use 2 words, understands "no" and name Stranger awareness, imitates, claps hands

15

Walks stably Scribbles in imitation, mature pincer grip 4-6 words, follows one-step command Uses spoon and cup

18

Runs unstably, carries toy whilst walking Scribbles spontaneously, turns 2-3 pages at a time 7-10 words, points to named body parts, Copies parents task (sweeping), plays around other children

24

Walks up and down steps without help, runs stably Removes shoes, pants, imitates stroke with pencil, turns single pages of a book 50-word vocabulary, two-word sentence, follows 2 step command Parallel play, plays alone

36

Can alternate feet when going up steps Copies circle, undresses completely, unbuttons 250+ words, 3-4 word sentences Plays well with others, shares, takes turns,

48

Hops, skips Copies a square, buttons clothing, dresses completely, catches ball Knows colours, sings songs, asks questions, counts to 10 Plays cooperatively with group of children

60

Alternates feet going down steps Copies a triangle, writes name Counts to 20 Chooses own friends, role play