pRRAPID

 

pRRAPID Approach

ABCDE Symptoms and signs

As the patient is evaluated with an ABCDE structure there are common or important symptoms and signs that will be identified. These are shown here in tabular form.

Table: Symptoms and signs identified in a comprehensive assessment

 

EB

Symptoms

  • Apnoea
  • Breathlessness
  • Chest pain
  • Coryza
  • Cough
  • Drooling
  • Feeding difficulties
  • Grunting
  • Hoarseness
  • Stridor
  • Wheeze

Signs

  • Abnormal percussion note
  • Acidotic breathing
  • Cyanosis
  • Chest wall crepitus
  • Crepitations
  • Grunting
  • Recession
  • Stridor
  • Tachypnoea
  • Tracheal shift
  • Wheeze
E

Symptoms

  • Breathlessness
  • Drowsiness
  • Feeding difficulties
  • Fever
  • Fluid loss
  • Pallor
  • Palpitations

Signs

  • Abnormal pulse volume or rhythm
  • Abnormal skin perfusion or colour
  • Cardiac murmur
  • Crepitations on auscultation
  • Cyanosis
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Hypo- or hypertension
  • Hypotonia
  • Pallor
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Poor urine output
  • Purpuric rash
  • Raised jugular venous pressure
  • Tachycardia OR bradycardia

 

E

Symptoms

  • Abdominal pain
  • Change in behaviour
  • Change in conscious level
  • Convulsions
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Visual disturbance
  • Weakness

Signs

  • Abnormal oculo-cephalic reflexes
  • Abnormal posture
  • Altered conscious level
  • Altered deep tendon reflexes
  • Altered pupil size and reactivity
  • Convulsions
  • Hypertension
  • Meningism
  • Papilloedema or retinal haemorrhage
  • Slow pulse

 

E

Symptoms

  • Fever
  • Rashes
  • Swelling of lips/tongue

Signs

  • Angio-oedema
  • Purpura
  • Urticaria